Introduction
The Digital Operational Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554), hereinafter referred to as 鈥淒ORA鈥�, is an EU regulation that entered into force on the 16th of January 2023 and became applicable as of the 17th of January 2025. The regulation is directly enforceable in Cyprus, from the date that the regulation came into force. The introduction of DORA represents an ambitious step towards strengthening the financial sector by imposing a regulatory framework for assessing and ensuring digital operational resilience of financial entities such as banks, fintech companies, insurance companies and investments firms. Its scope is applicable to a vast range of financial entities as well as certain ICT service providers that assist financial entities. Its focus is on ensuring that all financial entities across the EU have the necessary safeguards to stay resilient in the event of a cyber-attack that could lead to a severe operational disruption and to proactively identify and address potential cyber threats or breaches.
Understanding the scope of 鈥業CT services鈥�
Following the COVID-19 epidemic, the daily functions and operations of the financial sector have become heavily dependent on the use of information and communication technology and information (鈥淚CT鈥�) in digital form. As defined under Article 3(21) of DORA, 鈥業CT services鈥� means digital and data services provided through ICT systems to one or more internal or external users on an ongoing basis, including hardware as a service and hardware services. This includes the provision of technical support via software or firmware updates by the hardware provider, excluding traditional analogue telephone services.
Industry stakeholders have had differing interpretations of the definition of 'ICT services' under DORA. On 22 January 2025, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) published a Q&A providing clarification by the European Commission on the definition of 鈥業CT services鈥� under DORA. As per the Q&A, the definition is intentionally broad and should be understood in such manner to the extent that such services encompass digital, and data services provided through ICT systems on an ongoing basis. Hence, financial entities are responsible for undertaking an assessment to determine whether the services they rely on are ICT services under the act.
In addition to the above, it was clarified that in cases where financial entities provide ICT services to other financial entities in connection to their financial services, the receiving financial entities should assess whether the services constitute an ICT service under DORA, and whether the providing financial entities and the financial services they provide are regulated under Union law or any national legislation of a Member State or of a third country. Where both tests are deemed to be positive, then the related ICT service should be considered predominantly a financial service and should not be treated as an ICT service within the meaning of Article 3(21).
If the service is offered by a regulated financial entity that provides regulated financial services but is separate or independent from those services, it should be classified as an ICT service under Article 3(21) of DORA. This is an important distinction as different requirements are applicable in each scenario.
Contractual Obligations for ICT providers
Chapter V of DORA focuses on establishing noteworthy obligations in the sphere of managing ICT third-party risk and on the regulation of the contractual arrangements between financial entities and ICT service providers.
Article 28 sets out an extensive list of general principles that includes principles relating to contractual arrangements of financial entities for the use of ICT services, as well as requirements for the ICT risk management framework of the financial entities, aiming to ensure that sufficient oversight mechanisms are in place.
Article 29 focuses on the preliminary assessment of ICT concentration risk at entity level. It lays down some considerations in relation to the contractual arrangements between financial entities and ICT service providers, which includes amongst others the inclusion of provisions for compliance with Union data protection and insolvency laws.
Additionally, Article 30 stresses the key contractual provisions to be included within a contract between a financial entity and an ICT third-party service provider. One of the most important conditions is that Article 30.1 lays down the obligation for the rights and obligation to be outlined clearly and in writing. Article 30.2 also lists numerous high-level and specific requirements to consider when drafting and when entering into an agreement falling under this category.
In summary, DORA's framework introduces a proactive approach to ICT risk management, emphasizing rigorous due diligence, clear contractual terms, and the active role of service providers in incident recovery and security, thereby strengthening financial entities' resilience to ICT disruptions. These legal obligations mark a significant step towards ensuring continuity and security in the European financial sector鈥檚 ICT operations.
Conclusion
By introducing a single consistent supervisory approach across multiple industries, DORA represents a crucial step in ensuring uniformity and harmonization of security and resilience practices across the EU. This piece of legislation is expected to heavily affect many businesses in the financial sector from 2024 onwards and constitutes a game changer in the regulatory landscape. Even though DORA is a step in the right direction acting as a natural response in the evolution of the cyber threat landscape, it is anticipated that organizations shall need to invest in the implementation of adequate measures for compliance, to avoid penalties of non-compliance. To conclude, it is imperative that sufficient guidelines and knowledge is shared between stakeholders to ease transition and ensure compliance with DORA.
螡慰渭喂魏萎 螒谓维位蠀蟽畏: DORA 蟽蔚 喂蟽蠂蠉
韦喂 慰蠁蔚委位慰蠀谓 谓伪 纬谓蠅蟻委味慰蠀谓 蟿伪 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏维 喂未蟻蠉渭伪蟿伪 魏伪喂 慰喂 蟺维蟻慰蠂慰喂 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽喂蠋谓 韦螤螘
螘喂蟽伪纬蝇纬萎
螣 螝伪谓慰谓喂蟽渭蠈蟼 (螘螘) 2022/2554 蟿慰蠀 螘蠀蟻蠅蟺伪蠆魏慰蠉 螝慰喂谓慰尾慰蠀位委慰蠀 魏伪喂 蟿慰蠀 危蠀渭尾慰蠀位委慰蠀, 纬谓蠅蟽蟿蠈蟼 蠅蟼 螤蟻维尉畏 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 唯畏蠁喂伪魏萎 螘蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻畏蟽喂伪魏萎 螒谓胃蔚魏蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪 (Digital Operational Resilience Act 鈥� 鈥淒ORA鈥�), 蟿苇胃畏魏蔚 蟽蔚 喂蟽蠂蠉 蟽蟿喂蟼 16 螜伪谓慰蠀伪蟻委慰蠀 2023 渭蔚 维渭蔚蟽畏 蔚蠁伪蟻渭慰纬萎 伪蟺蠈 蟿喂蟼 17 螜伪谓慰蠀伪蟻委慰蠀 2025. 螣 螝伪谓慰谓喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蔚蠁伪蟻渭蠈味蔚蟿伪喂 维渭蔚蟽伪 蟽蟿伪 魏蟻维蟿畏 渭苇位畏, 蟽蠀渭蟺蔚蟻喂位伪渭尾伪谓慰渭苇谓畏蟼 蟿畏蟼 螝蠀蟺蟻喂伪魏萎蟼 螖畏渭慰魏蟻伪蟿委伪蟼, 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 蟿畏谓 伪谓维纬魏畏 蔚谓蟽蠅渭维蟿蠅蟽萎蟼 蟿慰蠀 蟽蟿慰 蔚胃谓喂魏蠈 未委魏伪喂慰. 螚 DORA 魏伪胃喂苇蟻蠅蟽蔚 苇谓伪 蔚谓喂伪委慰 魏伪喂 慰蟻喂味蠈谓蟿喂慰 魏伪谓慰谓喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蟺位伪委蟽喂慰 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 蔚谓委蟽蠂蠀蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 蠄畏蠁喂伪魏萎蟼 蔚蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻畏蟽喂伪魏萎蟼 伪谓胃蔚魏蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 蟿蠅谓 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏蠋谓 慰谓蟿慰蟿萎蟿蠅谓, 蠈蟺蠅蟼 蟿蟻伪蟺蔚味蠋谓, 伪蟽蠁伪位喂蟽蟿喂魏蠋谓 蔚蟿伪喂蟻蔚喂蠋谓, 蔚蟺蔚谓未蠀蟿喂魏蠋谓 蔚蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻萎蟽蔚蠅谓, 蔚蟿伪喂蟻蔚喂蠋谓 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰未慰蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟿蔚蠂谓慰位慰纬委伪蟼 (fintech), 魏伪胃蠋蟼 魏伪喂 未喂伪蠂蔚喂蟻喂蟽蟿蠋谓 蟽蠀位位慰纬喂魏蠋谓 蔚蟺蔚谓未蠉蟽蔚蠅谓. 螤伪蟻维位位畏位伪, 魏伪位蠉蟺蟿蔚喂 魏伪喂 蟽蠀纬魏蔚魏蟻喂渭苇谓慰蠀蟼 蟺伪蟻蠈蠂慰蠀蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽喂蠋谓 蟿蔚蠂谓慰位慰纬喂蠋谓 蟿蠅谓 蟺位畏蟻慰蠁慰蟻喂蠋谓 魏伪喂 蟿蠅谓 蔚蟺喂魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂蠋谓 (鈥樷櫸の犖曗欌�) 蟺慰蠀 蠀蟺慰蟽蟿畏蟻委味慰蠀谓 魏蟻委蟽喂渭蔚蟼 位蔚喂蟿慰蠀蟻纬委蔚蟼 蟿蠅谓 蔚谓 位蠈纬蠅 慰谓蟿慰蟿萎蟿蠅谓.
螝蔚谓蟿蟻喂魏蠈蟼 蟽魏慰蟺蠈蟼 蟿畏蟼 DORA 蔚委谓伪喂 畏 未喂伪蟽蠁维位喂蟽畏 蠈蟿喂 蠈位蔚蟼 慰喂 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏苇蟼 慰谓蟿蠈蟿畏蟿蔚蟼 蔚谓蟿蠈蟼 蟿畏蟼 螆谓蠅蟽畏蟼 未喂伪胃苇蟿慰蠀谓 蟿喂蟼 魏伪蟿维位位畏位蔚蟼 未喂魏位委未蔚蟼 伪蟽蠁伪位蔚委伪蟼 魏伪喂 渭畏蠂伪谓喂蟽渭慰蠉蟼 蔚位苇纬蠂慰蠀, 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 伪谓蟿苇蠂慰蠀谓 魏伪喂 谓伪 伪谓蟿伪蟺慰魏蟻委谓慰谓蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 未喂伪未喂魏蟿蠀伪魏苇蟼 伪蟺蔚喂位苇蟼 魏伪喂 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟿伪蟿喂魏维 蟺慰蠀 渭蟺慰蟻慰蠉谓 谓伪 蟺蟻慰魏伪位苇蟽慰蠀谓 蟽慰尾伪蟻苇蟼 未喂伪蟿伪蟻伪蠂苇蟼 蟽蟿畏 位蔚喂蟿慰蠀蟻纬委伪 蟿慰蠀蟼.
螝伪胃慰蟻喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蟿蠅谓 芦蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽喂蠋谓 韦螤螘禄
螚 蟺伪谓未畏渭委伪 COVID-19 魏伪蟿苇未蔚喂尉蔚 蟿畏谓 苇谓蟿慰谓畏 蔚尉维蟻蟿畏蟽畏 蟿慰蠀 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏慰蠉 蟿慰渭苇伪 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 蠄畏蠁喂伪魏萎 蟿蔚蠂谓慰位慰纬委伪. 危蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿慰 维蟻胃蟻慰 3(21) 蟿畏蟼 DORA, 蠅蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 韦螤螘 谓慰慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 慰喂 蠄畏蠁喂伪魏苇蟼 魏伪喂 未蔚未慰渭苇谓蔚蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺伪蟻苇蠂慰谓蟿伪喂 渭苇蟽蠅 蟽蠀蟽蟿畏渭维蟿蠅谓 韦螤螘 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 萎 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟽蠈蟿蔚蟻伪 蔚蟽蠅蟿蔚蟻喂魏维 萎 蔚尉蠅蟿蔚蟻喂魏维 渭苇蟻畏 蟽蔚 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂萎 尾维蟽畏. 危蔚 伪蠀蟿苇蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂位伪渭尾维谓慰谓蟿伪喂 慰喂 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 蠀位喂魏慰蠉 蠅蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委伪 (hardware-as-a-service), 畏 蟺伪蟻慰蠂萎 蟿蔚蠂谓喂魏萎蟼 蠀蟺慰蟽蟿萎蟻喂尉畏蟼, 魏伪胃蠋蟼 魏伪喂 慰喂 伪谓伪尾伪胃渭委蟽蔚喂蟼 位慰纬喂蟽渭喂魏慰蠉/蠀位喂魏慰位慰纬喂蟽渭喂魏慰蠉, 渭蔚 蔚尉伪委蟻蔚蟽畏 蟿喂蟼 蟺伪蟻伪未慰蟽喂伪魏苇蟼 伪谓伪位慰纬喂魏苇蟼 蟿畏位蔚蠁蠅谓喂魏苇蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼.
螚 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚委伪 蟿慰蠀 蠈蟻慰蠀 苇蠂蔚喂 蟺蟻慰魏伪位苇蟽蔚喂 蟺蟻慰尾位畏渭伪蟿喂蟽渭蠈 渭蔚蟿伪尉蠉 蟿蠅谓 蔚谓未喂伪蠁蔚蟻蠈渭蔚谓蠅谓 渭蔚蟻蠋谓. 危蟿喂蟼 22 螜伪谓慰蠀伪蟻委慰蠀 2025, 畏 螘蠀蟻蠅蟺伪蠆魏萎 螒蟻蠂萎 螒蟽蠁伪位委蟽蔚蠅谓 魏伪喂 螘蟺伪纬纬蔚位渭伪蟿喂魏蠋谓 危蠀谓蟿维尉蔚蠅谓 (EIOPA), 未畏渭慰蟽委蔚蠀蟽蔚 蔚蟺委蟽畏渭畏 伪谓维蟻蟿畏蟽畏 渭蔚 未喂蔚蠀魏蟻喂谓委蟽蔚喂蟼 蟿畏蟼 螘蠀蟻蠅蟺伪蠆魏萎蟼 螘蟺喂蟿蟻慰蟺萎蟼, 蟽蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 慰蟺慰委伪 慰 慰蟻喂蟽渭蠈蟼 蔚委谓伪喂 蔚蟽魏蔚渭渭苇谓伪 蔚蠀蟻蠉蟼 魏伪喂 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 蔚蟻渭畏谓蔚蠉蔚蟿伪喂 蠈蟿喂 蟺蔚蟻喂位伪渭尾维谓蔚喂 魏维胃蔚 蠄畏蠁喂伪魏萎 魏伪喂 未蔚未慰渭苇谓畏 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委伪 蟺慰蠀 蟺伪蟻苇蠂蔚蟿伪喂 渭苇蟽蠅 韦螤螘 蟽蔚 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂萎 尾维蟽畏.
螣喂 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏苇蟼 慰谓蟿蠈蟿畏蟿蔚蟼 慰蠁蔚委位慰蠀谓 谓伪 蟺蟻伪纬渭伪蟿慰蟺慰喂慰蠉谓 蔚蟽蠅蟿蔚蟻喂魏萎 伪尉喂慰位蠈纬畏蟽畏 蟺蟻慰魏蔚喂渭苇谓慰蠀 谓伪 魏伪胃慰蟻委蟽慰蠀谓 魏伪蟿维 蟺蠈蟽慰 慰喂 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 蟺慰蠀 蠂蟻畏蟽喂渭慰蟺慰喂慰蠉谓, 蔚渭蟺委蟺蟿慰蠀谓 蟽蟿畏谓 苇谓谓慰喂伪 蟿蠅谓 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽喂蠋谓 韦螤螘, 蟽蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿喂蟼 蟺蟻蠈谓慰喂蔚蟼 蟿畏蟼 DORA.
危蟿喂蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂蟺蟿蠋蟽蔚喂蟼, 蠈蟺慰蠀 渭喂伪 蟻蠀胃渭喂味蠈渭蔚谓畏 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏萎 慰谓蟿蠈蟿畏蟿伪 蟺伪蟻苇蠂蔚喂 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 韦螤螘 蟽蔚 维位位畏 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏萎 慰谓蟿蠈蟿畏蟿伪, 未喂蔚蠀魏蟻喂谓委味蔚蟿伪喂 蠈蟿喂, 蔚维谓 慰喂 蟽蠂蔚蟿喂魏苇蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 蟽蠀谓未苇慰谓蟿伪喂 维蟻蟻畏魏蟿伪 渭蔚 蟿喂蟼 蟻蠀胃渭喂味蠈渭蔚谓蔚蟼 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏苇蟼 未蟻伪蟽蟿畏蟻喂蠈蟿畏蟿蔚蟼 蟿畏蟼 蟺蟻蠋蟿畏蟼, 魏伪喂 蔚蠁蠈蟽慰谓 魏伪喂 蟿伪 未蠉慰 渭苇蟻畏 蠀蟺维纬慰谓蟿伪喂 蟽蟿慰 未委魏伪喂慰 蟿畏蟼 螆谓蠅蟽畏蟼 萎 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚胃谓喂魏萎 谓慰渭慰胃蔚蟽委伪 魏蟻维蟿慰蠀蟼 渭苇位慰蠀蟼 萎 蟿蟻委蟿畏蟼 蠂蠋蟻伪蟼, 蟿蠈蟿蔚 慰喂 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 伪蠀蟿苇蟼 未蔚谓 胃蔚蠅蟻慰蠉谓蟿伪喂 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 韦螤螘, 伪位位维 蠂伪蟻伪魏蟿畏蟻委味慰谓蟿伪喂 蠅蟼 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏苇蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼.
螒谓蟿喂胃苇蟿蠅蟼, 蔚维谓 慰喂 蟺伪蟻蔚蠂蠈渭蔚谓蔚蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 韦螤螘 蔚委谓伪喂 未喂伪魏蟻喂蟿苇蟼 魏伪喂 伪谓蔚尉维蟻蟿畏蟿蔚蟼 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 尾伪蟽喂魏萎 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏萎 未蟻伪蟽蟿畏蟻喂蠈蟿畏蟿伪, 蟿蠈蟿蔚 蠀蟺维纬慰谓蟿伪喂 蟽蟿畏谓 DORA 蠅蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽委蔚蟼 韦螤螘, 蟽蠉渭蠁蠅谓伪 渭蔚 蟿慰 维蟻胃蟻慰 3(21).
危蠀渭尾伪蟿喂魏苇蟼 违蟺慰蠂蟻蔚蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 螤伪蟻蠈蠂蠅谓 韦螤螘
韦慰 螝蔚蠁维位伪喂慰 V 蟿畏蟼 DORA 魏伪胃慰蟻委味蔚喂 蟿慰 蟺位伪委蟽喂慰 未喂伪蠂蔚委蟻喂蟽畏蟼 魏喂谓未蠉谓蠅谓 蟿蟻委蟿蠅谓 渭蔚蟻蠋谓, 蔚蟽蟿喂维味慰谓蟿伪蟼 蟽蟿喂蟼 蟽蠀渭尾维蟽蔚喂蟼 渭蔚蟿伪尉蠉 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏蠋谓 慰谓蟿慰蟿萎蟿蠅谓 魏伪喂 蟺伪蟻蠈蠂蠅谓 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽喂蠋谓 韦螤螘.
韦慰 螁蟻胃蟻慰 28 魏伪胃慰蟻委味蔚喂 纬蔚谓喂魏苇蟼 伪蟻蠂苇蟼 纬喂伪 蟿喂蟼 蟽蠀渭尾伪蟿喂魏苇蟼 蟻蠀胃渭委蟽蔚喂蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏 蟽蠀渭渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽畏 渭蔚 蟿慰 蟺位伪委蟽喂慰 未喂伪魏蠀尾苇蟻谓畏蟽畏蟼 魏喂谓未蠉谓慰蠀 韦螤螘, 未喂伪蟽蠁伪位委味慰谓蟿伪蟼 蔚蟺伪蟻魏萎 蔚蟺慰蟺蟿蔚委伪 魏伪喂 苇位蔚纬蠂慰 伪蟺蠈 蟿畏 渭蔚蟻喂维 蟿畏蟼 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰慰喂魏慰谓慰渭喂魏萎蟼 慰谓蟿蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼.
韦慰 螁蟻胃蟻慰 29 蔚蟺喂尾维位位蔚喂 蟿畏谓 蠀蟺慰蠂蟻苇蠅蟽畏 蟺蟻慰魏伪蟿伪蟻魏蟿喂魏萎蟼 伪尉喂慰位蠈纬畏蟽畏蟼 蟿慰蠀 魏喂谓未蠉谓慰蠀 蟽蠀纬魏苇谓蟿蟻蠅蟽畏蟼 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽喂蠋谓 韦螤螘, 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 蔚谓蟽蠅渭维蟿蠅蟽畏 蟻畏蟿蟻蠋谓 蟽蠀渭渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽畏蟼 渭蔚 蟿慰 未委魏伪喂慰 蟿畏蟼 螘螘 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 蟺蟻慰蟽蟿伪蟽委伪 未蔚未慰渭苇谓蠅谓 魏伪喂 蟿慰 未委魏伪喂慰 伪蠁蔚蟻蔚纬纬蠀蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼.
螒魏慰位慰蠉胃蠅蟼, 蟿慰 螁蟻胃蟻慰 30 胃苇蟿蔚喂 蟿喂蟼 尾伪蟽喂魏苇蟼 蟽蠀渭尾伪蟿喂魏苇蟼 伪蟺伪喂蟿萎蟽蔚喂蟼, 渭蔚 蟿慰 维蟻胃蟻慰 30.1 谓伪 蟺蟻慰尾位苇蟺蔚喂 蠈蟿喂 蟿伪 未喂魏伪喂蠋渭伪蟿伪 魏伪喂 慰喂 蠀蟺慰蠂蟻蔚蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 伪蟺慰蟿蠀蟺蠋谓慰谓蟿伪喂 蟻畏蟿维 魏伪喂 蔚纬纬蟻维蠁蠅蟼, 蔚谓蠋 蟿慰 维蟻胃蟻慰 30.2 蟺伪蟻伪胃苇蟿蔚喂 蔚喂未喂魏苇蟼 魏伪喂 蟿蔚蠂谓喂魏苇蟼 伪蟺伪喂蟿萎蟽蔚喂蟼 蟺慰蠀 蟺蟻苇蟺蔚喂 谓伪 蟺蔚蟻喂位伪渭尾维谓慰谓蟿伪喂 蟽蔚 蟿苇蟿慰喂蔚蟼 蟽蠀渭蠁蠅谓委蔚蟼.
危蠀谓慰蟺蟿喂魏维, 蟿慰 蟺位伪委蟽喂慰 蟿畏蟼 DORA 蔚喂蟽维纬蔚喂 渭喂伪 蟺蟻慰位畏蟺蟿喂魏萎 蟺蟻慰蟽苇纬纬喂蟽畏 蟽蟿畏 未喂伪蠂蔚委蟻喂蟽畏 魏喂谓未蠉谓慰蠀 韦螤螘, 蟿慰谓委味慰谓蟿伪蟼 蟿畏谓 伪蠀蟽蟿畏蟻萎 未苇慰蠀蟽伪 蔚蟺喂渭苇位蔚喂伪, 蟿慰蠀蟼 蟽伪蠁蔚委蟼 蟽蠀渭尾伪蟿喂魏慰蠉蟼 蠈蟻慰蠀蟼 魏伪喂 蟿慰谓 蔚谓蔚蟻纬蠈 蟻蠈位慰 蟿蠅谓 蟺伪蟻蠈蠂蠅谓 蠀蟺畏蟻蔚蟽喂蠋谓 蟽蟿畏谓 伪谓维魏伪渭蠄畏 伪蟺蠈 蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟿伪蟿喂魏维 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 伪蟽蠁维位蔚喂伪, 蔚谓喂蟽蠂蠉慰谓蟿伪蟼 苇蟿蟽喂 蟿畏谓 伪谓胃蔚魏蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪 蟿蠅谓 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏蠋谓 慰谓蟿慰蟿萎蟿蠅谓 蟽蟿喂蟼 未喂伪魏慰蟺苇蟼 韦螤螘. 螒蠀蟿苇蟼 慰喂 谓慰渭喂魏苇蟼 蠀蟺慰蠂蟻蔚蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 蟽畏渭伪蟿慰未慰蟿慰蠉谓 苇谓伪 蟽畏渭伪谓蟿喂魏蠈 尾萎渭伪 蟺蟻慰蟼 蟿畏谓 蔚尉伪蟽蠁维位喂蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 蟽蠀谓苇蠂蔚喂伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 伪蟽蠁维位蔚喂伪蟼 蟽蟿喂蟼 位蔚喂蟿慰蠀蟻纬委蔚蟼 韦螤螘 蟿慰蠀 蔚蠀蟻蠅蟺伪蠆魏慰蠉 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏慰蠉 蟿慰渭苇伪.
危蠀渭蟺蔚蚁维蟽渭伪蟿伪
螠蔚 蟿畏谓 蔚喂蟽伪纬蠅纬萎 渭喂伪蟼 蔚谓喂伪委伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟽蠀谓蔚蟺慰蠉蟼 蔚蟺慰蟺蟿喂魏萎蟼 蟺蟻慰蟽苇纬纬喂蟽畏蟼 蟽蔚 蟺慰位位慰蠉蟼 魏位维未慰蠀蟼, 畏 DORA 伪谓蟿喂蟺蟻慰蟽蠅蟺蔚蠉蔚喂 苇谓伪 魏蟻委蟽喂渭慰 尾萎渭伪 纬喂伪 蟿畏谓 蔚尉伪蟽蠁维位喂蟽畏 蟿畏蟼 慰渭慰喂慰渭慰蟻蠁委伪蟼 魏伪喂 蟿畏蟼 蔚谓伪蟻渭蠈谓喂蟽畏蟼 蟿蠅谓 蟺蟻伪魏蟿喂魏蠋谓 伪蟽蠁维位蔚喂伪蟼 魏伪喂 伪谓胃蔚魏蟿喂魏蠈蟿畏蟿伪蟼 蟽蔚 蠈位畏 蟿畏谓 螘螘. 螒蠀蟿蠈蟼 慰 魏伪谓慰谓喂蟽渭蠈蟼 伪谓伪渭苇谓蔚蟿伪喂 谓伪 蔚蟺畏蟻蔚维蟽蔚喂 蟽畏渭伪谓蟿喂魏维 蟺慰位位苇蟼 蔚蟺喂蠂蔚喂蟻萎蟽蔚喂蟼 蟽蟿慰谓 蠂蟻畏渭伪蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿蠅蟿喂魏蠈 蟿慰渭苇伪 伪蟺蠈 蟿慰 2024 魏伪喂 伪蟺慰蟿蔚位蔚委 苇谓伪谓 魏伪蟿伪位蠉蟿畏 伪位位伪纬萎蟼 蟽蟿慰 蟻蠀胃渭喂蟽蟿喂魏蠈 蟿慰蟺委慰. 螤伪蟻蠈位慰 蟺慰蠀 畏 DORA 蔚委谓伪喂 苇谓伪 尾萎渭伪 蟺蟻慰蟼 蟿畏 蟽蠅蟽蟿萎 魏伪蟿蔚蠉胃蠀谓蟽畏, 位蔚喂蟿慰蠀蟻纬蠋谓蟿伪蟼 蠅蟼 蠁蠀蟽喂魏萎 伪谓蟿委未蟻伪蟽畏 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚尉苇位喂尉畏 蟿慰蠀 蟿慰蟺委慰蠀 蟿蠅谓 魏蠀尾蔚蟻谓慰伪蟺蔚喂位蠋谓, 伪谓伪渭苇谓蔚蟿伪喂 蠈蟿喂 慰喂 慰蟻纬伪谓喂蟽渭慰委 胃伪 蠂蟻蔚喂伪蟽蟿蔚委 谓伪 蔚蟺蔚谓未蠉蟽慰蠀谓 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚蠁伪蟻渭慰纬萎 魏伪蟿维位位畏位蠅谓 渭苇蟿蟻蠅谓 纬喂伪 蟽蠀渭渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽畏, 蠋蟽蟿蔚 谓伪 伪蟺慰蠁蠉纬慰蠀谓 蟿喂蟼 蟺慰喂谓苇蟼 渭畏 蟽蠀渭渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽畏蟼. 危蠀渭蟺蔚蟻伪蟽渭伪蟿喂魏维, 蔚委谓伪喂 蔚蟺喂蟿伪魏蟿喂魏蠈 谓伪 渭慰喂蟻伪蟽蟿慰蠉谓 蔚蟺伪蟻魏蔚委蟼 魏伪蟿蔚蠀胃蠀谓蟿萎蟻喂蔚蟼 纬蟻伪渭渭苇蟼 魏伪喂 纬谓蠋蟽蔚喂蟼 渭蔚蟿伪尉蠉 蟿蠅谓 蔚谓未喂伪蠁蔚蟻蠈渭蔚谓蠅谓 渭蔚蟻蠋谓 纬喂伪 谓伪 未喂蔚蠀魏慰位蠀谓胃蔚委 畏 渭蔚蟿维尾伪蟽畏 魏伪喂 谓伪 蔚尉伪蟽蠁伪位喂蟽蟿蔚委 畏 蟽蠀渭渭蠈蟻蠁蠅蟽畏 渭蔚 蟿畏谓 DORA.
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